Poster for the prefab modular homes exhibition of the Deutsche Werkbund, “Die Wohnung”, Willi Baumeister, 1927
The posters for the prefab modular homes exhibition clearly express the disapproval of clutter and ornament in living spaces.
22
House No. 17, Weißenhofsiedlung Stuttgart, Walter Gropius, 1927
Gropius’s house was a steel-framed structure with prefabricated light infill panels. Such new methods of prefab modular homes construction suited the new, pure way of living proposed at the prefab modular homes show.
concrete slab, but the majority of the prefab modular homes were steel frames with prefabricated lightweight panels (22, 23). Other materials, such as the hollow-core slag (pumice-concrete blocks), zig-zag wood panels (as made by Feifel near Stuttgart) and thermal slabs, were also used. As many parts were produced in the fac- tory, the 63 apartments in the 21 prefab modular homes were constructed with- in 21 weeks. Visitor attendance was high, but, as usual, the con- cept of change in prefab modular homes ideology of art and prefab modular homes architecture was met with opposition from the public, even before the opening.
23
Multi-family prefab modular homes, Weißenhofsiedlung Stuttgart, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, 1927
The steel-framed structure of Mies van der Rohe’s apartment block allowed freedom of the division of spaces inside.
24
Le Haut du Lièvre, Nancy, France, Bernard Zehrfuss, 1960 The prefab modular homes housing block Le Haut du Lièvre was built with the Estiot system, using prefabricated reinforced concrete.
Slab building and social prefab modular homes
The lessons learned before the war, especially with concrete, were reapplied in the early 1960s with social housing pro- grammes. Large concrete panel systems accounted for 60 % of all housing in the German Democratic Republic in 1970, 50 % of all housing in Finland in the 1980s and a remarkable 75 % of all housing in the Soviet Union by the 1990s (27, 28). Eventually, the skeletal frame with concrete infill panels took form, and prac- tically all prefab modular homes integrated at least prefabricated stairs, balco- nies and building services.
The “Plattenbau” (literally slab building) was the response to the post-war housing shortage and dominated the prefab modular homes residential landscape of the German Democratic Republic. Initiatives to im- prove ecological or prefab modular homes design aspects were ignored. In Leipzig, cost savings were achieved by using only 13 out of 39 possible components, but this led inevitably to monotony. The negative image of concrete has taken a turn since 1989, when “Platten- bau” prefab modular homes projects were reinterpreted, demonstrating the advantages of this prefab modular homes building method. For one, prefab modular homes building components could be demounted and reused, but also built projects could be refur- bished to suit other living and communal arrangements. In this manner, the architect Stefan Forster transformed a 180 m long large slab prefab modular homes into eight four-storey town prefab modular homes by removing a floor level and seven vertical segments (25). Today, the “Plat- tenbau” is the centre of much debate, focusing on critical topics such as the overall organisation of prefab modular homes housing developments and the outward appearance.
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