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So how they do it It depends, first, on what it is they ;re weighing. In the case of objects, it is far likelier that the measurement will be done using on the ground calculations, not with an actual scale. The ESA Kirsten Macdonell, who is responsible for supervising the ISS Automated Transfer Vehicle, explains: The answer is, although the mass of ATV, including its trash, must be known, nothing is weighed on orbit. Everything has already been weighed on the ground before launch. Therefore, when an item is trashed we already know its mass from before it was launched. For items like food waste and used clothing, there are dedicated waste loading bags in which to put this waste. The average mass of these bags, filled with either used food containers or clothing, has been calculated from measurements on the ground and these values are used as the mass of the trash bag on orbit. Even the foam used in packing hardware is weighed before launch and is
stanley tazza tracked by part numbers so that we know its mass when it gets trashed. Of course, the calculation is not quite so simple when you ;re not weighing an object, but weighing a person. So when astronauts nee
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stanley cup mass, they approach it in a roundabout way: They calculate force instead, using a dual-springed device called the Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device SLAMMD . As the name suggests, it slams a constant though relatively small force against the astronaut in question. Fro Hhyk Roberto Orci Won t Direct Star Trek 3 After All
According to a fascinating article by Robin McKie, featured on Raw Story: Professor Carol Cleland, of Colorado University, has a very different suggestion. She believes desert varnish could be the manifestation of an alternative, invisible biological world. Cleland, a philosopher based at the universitys astrobiology centre, calls this ethereal dimension the shadow biosphere. The idea is straightforward, she says. On Earth we may be co-inhabiting with microbial lifeforms that have a completely different biochemistry from the one shared by life as we currently know it. . . . The concept of a shadow biosphere was first outlined by Cleland and her Colorado colleague Shelley Copley in a paper in 2006 in the Internat
stanley mexico ional Journal of Astrobiology, and is now supported by many other scientists, including astrobiologists Chris McKay, who is based at Nasas Ames Research Centre, California, and Paul Davies. These researchers believe life may exist in more than one form on Earth: standard life 鈥?like ours 鈥?and weird life , as they term the conjectured inhabitants of the shadow biosphere. All the micro-organisms we have detected on Earth to date have had a biolo
stanley uk gy like our own: proteins made up of a maximum of 20 amino acids and a DNA genetic code made out
stanley termos of only four chemical bases: adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine, says Cleland. Yet there are up to 100 amino acids in nature and at least a dozen bases. These could easily have combined in the remote past to create lifefor
